LDL Cholesterol

What it is

LDL cholesterol is often called "bad" cholesterol. LDL particles carry cholesterol into the bloodstream, where excess can build up in artery walls as plaque.

Why it matters

LDL is the cholesterol number most directly linked to heart attack and stroke risk, so it is a central target in cardiovascular prevention.

What high values can mean

A higher value means more cholesterol available to deposit in arteries, raising long-term cardiovascular risk.

What low values can mean

A lower value is generally favourable; very low results are interpreted by a clinician in the context of your overall health.

How to improve it

Diet (less saturated and trans fat, more fibre), exercise, weight management and, when advised, statins or other medicines lower LDL.

Food & lifestyle

Oats, beans, nuts, vegetables and olive oil help lower LDL; fatty and processed meats, fried foods and pastries push it up.

Preparing for the testFasting required

Part of a lipid panel. Fasting (9–12 h) is commonly requested, though non-fasting testing is increasingly accepted — follow your lab.

When to talk to a doctor

Discuss an elevated LDL with a doctor, especially with other risk factors or a family history of early heart disease.

Related markers

• Apolipoprotein B
• HDL Cholesterol
• Non-HDL Cholesterol
• Total Cholesterol

Sources

• MedlinePlus (NIH)
• Testing.com (AACC)

Content reviewed on June 26, 2026